Ēezar Kurti

LEARN ALBANIAN

To my parents and my sister Bardha

 

MĖSIMI I GJASHTĖ - LESSON 6

 

I. KLIMA E TIRANĖS - THE TIRANE CLIMATE

A .

Xh. Smithi: Unė ndodhem pėr herė tė parė nė Tiranė, por mund tė them se mė pėlqen klima e saj.

M. Drini: O, Tirana ka klimė tė mirė, tė butė. Tani nė verė, siē e ke vėnė re edhe vetė, megjithėse ditėt janė tė nxehta, mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet janė tė freskėta.

Xh. Smithi: Po, nė mėngjes ajri ėshtė i freskėt, i tejdukshėm dhe plot dritė nga dielli mjaf i shėndritshėm. Nė mbrėmje qielli ėshtė veēanė-risht i bukur, ai ėshtė i zi nė blu dhe plot yje xixėllues. Mė pėlqejnė shumė mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet e Tiranės. Po vjeshta si ėshtė?

M. Drini: Edhe vjeshta ėshtė e ngrohtė. Nė fund tė vjeshtės nisin shirat dhe ajri bėhet mjaft i lagėsht. Por nuk ėshtė aq ftohtė. As dimri nuk ėshtė i ftohtė. Vetėm ka lagėshtirė.

Xh. Smithi: Pranvera ėshtė e bukur, me siguri!

M. Drini: Pranvera ėshtė vėrtet e bukur. Por ajo ėshtė tepėr e shkurtėr. Pas shirave tė gjatė, natyra lulėzon vrullshėm, por menjėherė bėhet nxehtė dhe nis vera.

Xh. Smithi: Mua mė pėlqen klima e butė e Tiranės!

 

B. TRANSLATION

J. Smith: This is my first time in Tirane but I can say already that I like its climate.

M. Drini: Oh, yes, Tirane has a good, moderate climate. In summer time as you can see, the days are hot but the mornings and the evenings are cool.

J. Smith: You are right, the morning air is fresh, clear and full of light from the shinning sun. In the evening the sky in particular is beautiful, with its deep blue color filled with sparkling stars. I love mornings and evenings in Tirane. How is the fall here?

M. Drini: The fall is also warm. Towards the end of fall it begins to rain and the air becomes humid but it does not get very cold. The winter is not as cold either but there is humidity.

J. Smith: The spring is probably very nice, isn’t it?

M. Drini: The spring is very nice, indeed. But it is very short. After the long rains, nature flourishes quickly, then it gets hot and the summer begins.

J. Smith: I like the moderate climate of Tirane.

 

C. QUESTIONS - ANSWERS

- Ēfarė klime ka Tirana?

What kind of climate does Tirane have?

- Tirana ka klimė tė mirė, tė butė.

The climate in Tirane is nice and warm.

- Si janė ditėt nė verė?

How are the days in the summer?

- Nė verė ditėt janė tė nxehta.

The days are hot in the summer.

- Po mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet si janė?

What about the mornings and evenings?

- Mėngjeset dhe mbrėmjet janė tė freskėta.

The mornings and the evenings are fresh and cool.

- Si ėshtė ajri nė mėngjes? How is the air in the morning?

- Nė mėngjes ajri ėshtė i freskėt, i tejdukshėm.

In the morning the air is fresh and clear.

- Si ėshtė qielli nė mbrėmje?

How does the sky look in the evening?

- Nė mbrėmje qielli ėshtė veēanėrisht i bukur, i zi nė blu dhe plot yje xixėllues.

In the evening the sky is particularly beautiful, with its deep blue color and it is full of sparkling stars.

- Tė pėlqen klima e Tiranės?

Do you like the climate of Tirane?

- Po, mė pėlqen shumė. Yes, I like it very much.

II. GRAMMAR

1 THE PLURAL OF THE INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE NOUNS

The plural of the masculine indefinite nouns is formed by adding -ė or -e to the singular: njė shqiptar - disa shqiptarė, njė amerikan - disa amerikanė, njė mėngjes - disa mėngjese.

The same endings -ė or -e are used to form the plural of the feminine indefinite nouns: njė ditė - disa ditė, njė amerikane - disa amerikane, njė lule - disa lule.

The plural of both masculine and feminine definite nouns is formed by adding -t to the indefinite nouns in plural: disa shokė - shokėt, disa amerikanė - amerikanėt, disa lule - lulet).

Here are more examples:

Indefinite form                          Definite form    

                                   

                                    Masculine

njė mėsim - disa mėsime                       mėsimi - mėsimet

njė shok - disa shokė                shoku - shokėt

njė francez - disa francezė                     francezi - francezėt

njė fjalor - disa fjalorė               fjalori - fjalorėt

                                    Feminine

njė mbrėmje - disa mbrėmje                  mbrėmja - mbrėmjet

njė shoqe - disa shoqe              shoqja - shoqet

njė shqiptare - disa shqiptare                 shqiptarja - shqiptaret

njė fjalė - disa fjalė                                fjala - fjalėt

 

Exercise 1.

Change the following nouns into the definite and indefinite plural forms.

Example: njė hotel - disa hotele          hoteli - hotelet

 

njė anglez        anglezi

njė krah           krahu

njė gjerman     gjermani

njė turist          turisti

njė gazetar      gazetari

njė dritare       dritarja

njė dhomė       dhoma

njė angleze      anglezja

njė turiste        turistja

njė lule                        lulja

 

2. THE ADJECTIVE

Used as a modifier, the adjective in Albanian is placed after the noun and agrees with it in gender and in number, for example:

njė mėngjes i ftohtė (m.s.)- disa mėngjese tė ftohta (m.pl.)- (a cold morning - (some) cold mornings); njė ditė e ftohtė (f.s.) - disa ditė tė ftohta (pl. f.) - (a cold day - (some) cold days). During the declension of the noun the adjective remains unchangeable.

Unlike in English, the adjectives in Albanian are usually accompanied by the connective article, which is determined by the gender and the number of the noun. The connective articles are: i, e, tė. The connective article i is used before the adjective with a singular masculine noun in indefinite or definite form, for example:

njė shok i mirė - shoku i mirė (a good friend - the good friend )

njė hotel i ri - hoteli i ri (a new hotel - the new hotel)

njė dimėr i ftohtė - dimri i ftohtė (a cold winter - the cold winter)

If it is a feminine noun in indefinite or definite form, the connective article e is used before the adjective, for example:

njė verė e nxehtė - vera e nxehtė (a hot summer - the hot summer)

njė ditė e bukur - dita e bukur (a nice day - the nice day)

njė dhomė e madhe - dhoma e madhe (a big room - the big room)

With plural nouns of either gender, the article tė is used for the indefinite and e for the definite form, for example:

disa shokė tė mirė - shokėt e mirė (some good friends - the good friends).

disa ditė tė bukura - ditėt e bukura (some nice days - the nice days)

Here are some more examples:

The indefinite form

            Singular                                               Plural

                                                Masculine

            njė gazetar i mirė (a good reporter)      disa gazetarė tė mirė

            njė mur i lartė (a high wall)                  disa mure tė lartė

            njė vit i vėshtirė ( a hard year)              disa vite tė vėshtirė

                                                Feminine

            njė shoqe e mirė (a good friend)          disa shoqe tė mira

            njė vajzė e re (a young girl)                 disa vajza tė reja

            njė ditė e nxehtė ( a hot day)                disa ditė tė nxehta

 

The definite form

                                                Masculine

            gazetari i mirė (the good reporter)        gazetarėt e mirė

            muri i lartė ( the high wall)                   muret e larta

            viti i vėshtirė ( the hard year)                vitet e vėshtira

                                                Feminine

            shoqja e mirė (the good friend)            shoqet e mira

            vajza e re (the young girl)                    vajzat e reja

            dita e nxehtė (the hot day)                    ditėt e nxehta

 

A small group of adjectives (veror, dimėror, pranveror, interesant, historik etc.) are used without an article, for example:

            njė ditė pranverore                    (a summer day)

            dita pranverore                                   ditėt pranverore         

            njė libėr interesant                     (an interesting book)

            libri interesant                                     librat interesantė

            njė vend historik                       (a historic place)

            vėndi historik                          vendet historike

With the linking verb jam adjectives are used to form the predicate (the predicate nominative), for example:

            ditėt janė tė nxehta                  the days are hot

            mėngjeset janė tė freskėta       the mornings are fresh

            ajri ėshtė i tejdukshėm            the air is clear

            qielli ėshtė i bukur                    the sky is nice (beautiful)

Exercise 2.

Translate into English:

Qyteti ėshtė i madh. Parku ėshtė i gjelbėr. Dimri ėshtė i ftohtė. Vera ėshtė e nxehtė. Pranvera ėshtė e bukur.

Exercise 3.

Change the following phrases into plural:

Example: njė mėsim i ri - disa mėsime tė reja - mėsimet e reja

njė qytet i ri (a new city)                                   qyteti i ri

njė libėr i bukur (a nice book)                           libri i bukur

njė pritje e ngrohtė (an warm wellcome)          pritja e ngrohtė

njė turist i huaj (a foreign tourist)                     turisti i huaj

njė dimėr i ftohtė (a cold winter)                      dimri i ftohtė

njė turiste e huaj (a foreign tourist)                  turistja e huaj

njė letėr e shkurtėr (a breaf letter)                   letra e shkurtėr

njė mbrėmje e freskėt (a fresh evening)           mbrėmja e freskėt

njė vajzė e bukur (a nice girl)                           vajza e bukur

njė natė e nxehtė (a hot night)                          nata e nxehtė

njė dhomė e madhe (a big room)                       dhoma e madhe

njė godinė e lartė (a high building)                      godina e lartė

 

VOCABULARY:

klim/ė-a - climate

ndodhem pėr herė tė parė - This is my first time I...

shoh - to see

se - that

e saj - hers

i(e) mirė - good

i(e) butė - moderate

nė verė - in the summer

siē e ke vėnė re edhe vetė - as you have noticed yourself

megjithėse - although

i(e) nxehtė - hot

i(e) freskėt - fresh, cool

i(e) ngrohtė - warm

ajėr-ajri - air

i tejdukshėm (m) - clear, transparent

e tejdukshme (f) - clear, transparent

plot dritė - full of light

mbrėmj/e-a - evening

veēanėrisht - particularly

i(e) bukur - beautiful

i zi nė blu - deep blue

qiell-i - the sky

diell-i - the sun

vjeshtė-a - fall, autumn

dimėr - dimri - the winter

pranverė-a - the spring

nė fund tė vjeshtės - at the end of fall

shi-u (pl. def. shirat) - the rain

nisin shirat - begins to rain

i(e) lagėsht - humid

lagėshtir/ė-a - humidity

i(e) ftohtė - cool

vėrtet - really, indeed

i(e) gjatė - long

i(e) vogėl - small

i(e) shkurtėr - short

lulėzon - flourish

vrullshėm - vigorously

natyrė-a - nature

menjėherė - immediately, abruptly, suddenly

bėhet nxehtė - becomes hot

nis vera - the summer begins

i shndritshėm (m.) - shiny, splendid

e shndritshme (f.) - shiny, splendid

xixėllues - sparkling

yll - star

nuk ėshtė aq - it is not as

me siguri - surely

fjal/ė-a - word

punė-a - work

lule-ja - flower

vajzė-a - girl

i madh (e madhe) - big

i(e) huaj (noun)- foreigner,

i(e huaj (adject.)- foreign, extraneous, alien

 

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Ēezar Kurti — "7Learn Albanian — Mėsoni shqip" — Legas, (P.O. Box 040328, Brooklyn, New York 11204), 1996.

Copyright©1997 by Ēezar Kurti.